{"id":2094,"date":"2012-11-17T12:47:11","date_gmt":"2012-11-17T05:47:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=2094"},"modified":"2012-11-17T12:47:11","modified_gmt":"2012-11-17T05:47:11","slug":"chanh-niem-thuc-tap-thien-quan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=2094","title":{"rendered":"CH\u00c1NH NI\u1ec6M TH\u1ef0C T\u1eacP THI\u1ec0N QU\u00c1N"},"content":{"rendered":"

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M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassana. T\u00f4i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim ch\u1ec9 nam thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (insight meditation).<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t hay. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n trao cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ai th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 tinh ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

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T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. Nh\u01b0ng trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong nh\u1eefng trang k\u1ebf, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt xa tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp (meditation) kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0129nh t\u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec1n. Danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chung chung. C\u0169ng xin b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n vipassana trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Vipassana th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali sang l\u00e0 Minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n th\u1eadt ra kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t xa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebft. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda d\u1eabn ta b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t trung gian n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. M\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4n t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n xem x\u00e9t t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 m\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tri gi\u00e1c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, v\u00e9n l\u00ean t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n che ph\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt chung quanh m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassana n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng, Theravada, \u0111\u00e3 cung hi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai ph\u00e1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ta ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ngay ch\u00ednh g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n

Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 trang s\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 trao cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n n\u00e0o th\u00edch v\u1ec1 nghi l\u1ec5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gia t\u00e0i phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c, c\u00fang l\u1ec5, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, vipassana, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n (meditation) kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Hai lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (vipassana) v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (samatha).<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, vipassana, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n Minh s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, samatha, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng hay thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khi t\u00e2m ta t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y. Khi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an vui s\u1ebd lan t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m \u00fd m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh, m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh \u1ea3nh… v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ta x\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, vipassana, th\u00ec ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cho ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee5c v\u1ee1 \u0111i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ng\u0103n che \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. N\u00f3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u00e1ng, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t b\u00faa c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 minh \u1ea5y s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian chung quanh s\u1ebd ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. Ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n. Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia ra l\u00e0m hai d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng (Mahayana) v\u00e0 Nam t\u00f4ng (Theravada). Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Trung Hoa, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 Zen, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du truy\u1ec1n qua nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia mi\u1ec1n Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 T\u00edch Lan, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Kampuchia. S\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Nam t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n: \u0111\u1ecbnh (samatha) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n (vipassana). Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim ch\u1ec9 nam c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t: h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m qua s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n trong ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay n\u00e0y l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed7i kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, trong m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat!<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n (meditation) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111em ra gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y. Tuy v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta may m\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao truy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. S\u1ed1 v\u0103n li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 tu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb Tam t\u1ea1ng (Tipitaka), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Tam t\u1ea1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt (Vinaya), nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ni v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129, Kinh (suttas), nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn (Abhidhamma), nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u00f4n t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Upatissa \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o (Vimuttimagga), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i danh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o (Visuddhimagga), m\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3.
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Trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassana. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khai ph\u00e1 ra ta l\u00e0 ai v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u00f4i ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n

\u00a0T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 VEN. HENAPOLA GUNARATANA<\/div>\n
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D\u1ecaCH GI\u1ea2: NGUY\u1ec4N DUY NHI\u00caN<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassana. T\u00f4i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim ch\u1ec9 nam thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (insight meditation). T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2095,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2094"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2094"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2098,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2094\/revisions\/2098"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}