{"id":2310,"date":"2012-12-13T05:25:27","date_gmt":"2012-12-12T22:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=2310"},"modified":"2012-12-13T18:42:21","modified_gmt":"2012-12-13T11:42:21","slug":"chuong-muoi-ba-chinh-niem-sati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=2310","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Ba: Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m (Sati)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef sati trong ti\u1ebfng Pali. Sati l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1. V\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng – v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ta nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u1ef1 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ta n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean tr\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt – m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef – v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea5y th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng l\u1edd m\u1edd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u theo sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassana, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m mi\u00ean m\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.Khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, tho\u1ea1t ti\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n tho\u00e1ng qua r\u1ea5t nhanh, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, khi b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u00f3, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi n\u00f3 ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y – tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u1ed2, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ch\u00f3.\u201d Gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

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Trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. B\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, \u0111an k\u1ebft v\u00e0o v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u1ea5y s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ngay khi b\u1ea1n thu nh\u1ecf t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ta, b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen hoang ph\u00ed s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m ban s\u01a1 kia trong ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tan bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y.Khi gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n
Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn.Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. Ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t. Khi t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd v\u00ed d\u1ee5 thi\u1ec1n sinh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. \u00d4ng ta quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. C\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1ch quan qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong ta, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. Mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1m x\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ta, n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i, bu\u1ed3n lo, b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 b\u1ea5t an kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ee9 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong ta, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n – c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00f4 t\u01b0. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0m m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa. Kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau, m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1eb1ng nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nhau. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e8 xu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.\u201d N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh l\u00edu g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd \u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m ghi nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 so s\u00e1nh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra ngay trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111ang l\u01b0\u1edbt ngang qua. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y l\u1edbp m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ea7m \u201c\u1ed2, t\u00f4i \u0111ang nh\u1edb,\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. N\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. V\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111au n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00e2m b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i b\u1ecb \u0111au.\u201d V\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn th\u00eam l\u00ean n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201ct\u00f4i\u201d d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng cho ta c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf b\u1edbt ra. Ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. Ta ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t – kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3p m\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong khi ch\u00fang \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh ra, l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 nh\u00ecn ch\u00fang t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n – v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u00e2m l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 – b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u00e2m. Ta ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean v\u00e0 xem m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n tu\u1ed3ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i ngang qua. N\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Trong ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u00f4 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang \u0111i qua th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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Xin b\u1ea1n ghi nh\u1edb \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00f3t \u1ea5y. Trong ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ta qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean trong ta. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, t\u00e2m ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean trong ta c\u00f3 t\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung quanh, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu ta \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng ngay trong l\u00fac \u1ea5y, ta \u0111ang c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t v\u00f4 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eed m\u1edf m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh Vi\u1ec7t ra v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cthe\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cbe\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 khi d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 trang. Trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t – v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed h\u1ecdc (quantum mechanics). Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m<\/strong>Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ta v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

2. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m gi\u00fap ta nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n

3. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y n\u00f3i chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ta nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m<\/h3>\n

Trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t. Khi t\u00e2m ta \u0111i lan man ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u00e2m ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c v\u00e0 ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m mang t\u00e2m ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ee9c th\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129. C\u00f4ng phu thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta bi\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen, v\u00e0 mang n\u00f3 v\u00e0o trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n sinh tinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra, ng\u00e0y hay \u0111\u00eam, trong l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n hay kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u1ea5t cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. Th\u00f3i quen d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec b\u1ee9ng nh\u1ed5 n\u00f3 \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m cho th\u1eadt mi\u00ean m\u1eadt. Khi ta c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u0111ang b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o th\u00f3i quen suy ngh\u0129. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ta d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. R\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd mang s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc: \u201c\u00c0, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi l\u00ean… v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa… v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y…\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i khi ta l\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec5nh. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3 t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1eeba khi b\u1ea1n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb n\u00e3y gi\u1edd m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn g\u00ec h\u1ebft, th\u00ec ngay ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ri\u00eang – nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, trong s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y. Khi \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, v\u00f4 \u00edch. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h3>\n

Nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn xem c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. \u00dd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm ta xu\u1ed1ng c\u01a1n l\u1ed1c xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo \u00e2u, d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc. Khi c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y n\u1eefa. Ta ch\u1ec9 ghi nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. \u201c\u00c0, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y… v\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y… v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ba s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Trong ti\u1ebfng Pali, ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 anicca (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng), dukkha (b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u1ed5), v\u00e0 anatta (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 ri\u00eang r\u1ebd) Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, b\u1eaft ta ph\u1ea3i m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng tin theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i s\u00e2u k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

a. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

b. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 tinh vi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft qua l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1edf tu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o. Ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 sau h\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c tri gi\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch l\u00eca ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi d\u00f2ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, r\u1ed3i xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, n\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Th\u1eadt ra, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ba thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y – v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n – c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang r\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, khi ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n: ta ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1eadn \u1ea5y, t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n; v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng b\u00f3p m\u00e9o; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: anicca (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng), dukkha (b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 anatta (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u00e1t-na, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ngay sau khi m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m. L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 mang ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y v\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i l\u00e2u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ea5t x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m (Sati) v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (Vipassana)<\/h3>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. Ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tinh ti\u1ebfn gi\u1eef ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t ch\u1eef Pali kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 appamada, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong t\u00e2m, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an \u1ed5n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef sati trong ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb. Ghi nh\u1edb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec sai, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m v\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu. Khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an vui v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c. Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ck\u00edch th\u00edch\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee1 l\u1ea7m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m gi\u00fap ta ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 k\u00e9o m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee1 l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i theo s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c n\u00e0y sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh h\u01a1n s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf ch\u00fang. Th\u00f9 h\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111am m\u00ea s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i thay n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tinh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u1ea5y. Nh\u1edd ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u1eb1m s\u00e2u k\u00edn trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tinh th\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 t\u00e2m ta cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh – nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tham lam, \u0111am m\u00ea, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 ghen t\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n; b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n t\u00e2m ta, chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ta; b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea1y quanh qu\u1ea9n theo nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00f2ng vo; v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ng\u0103n che ta v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi l\u00ean khi ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o l\u00e0m tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n sinh, ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta l\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec5nh, s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t – n\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1i kia. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m lu m\u1edd \u0111i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. Ta qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, ho\u1eb7c tham lam, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 g\u00ec g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3… Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ta, khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb phai nh\u1ea1t \u0111i. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng duy tr\u00ec cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu ta gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. N\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, xuy\u00ean qua m\u1ecdi b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u1ea5y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho ta m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y \u0111i. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi \u00f4 u\u1ebf trong t\u00e2m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 an \u1ed5n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi phong ba v\u00e0 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

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T\u00c1C GI\u1ea2 VEN. HENAPOLA GUNARATANA<\/div>\n
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D\u1ecaCH GI\u1ea2: NGUY\u1ec4N DUY NHI\u00caN<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef sati trong ti\u1ebfng Pali. Sati l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1. V\u0103n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2310"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2320,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310\/revisions\/2320"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}