{"id":6109,"date":"2014-08-04T08:44:38","date_gmt":"2014-08-04T01:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=6109"},"modified":"2014-08-12T04:37:13","modified_gmt":"2014-08-11T21:37:13","slug":"yoga-tri-lieu-tang-cuong-chuc-nang-phoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=6109","title":{"rendered":"YOGA TR\u1eca LI\u1ec6U T\u0102NG C\u01af\u1edcNG CH\u1ee8C N\u0102NG PH\u1ed4I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wMQaaf7o6IU?list=UUVjHz3NlD1zlhvVTJ7a_zYQ\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/h1>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: m\u0169i, h\u1ecdng, thanh qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111i v\u00e0o hai l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t khoang k\u00edn:<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ed5, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea7n kinh l\u1edbn, th\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>Xung quanh l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, 12 \u0111\u00f4i x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9c, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn b\u00e1m v\u00e0o, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>Khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p co gi\u00e3n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i co gi\u00e3n theo, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: m\u0169i, h\u1ecdng, thanh qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111i v\u00e0o hai l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i. Trong l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n chia nh\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n t\u1eadn, ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf nang d\u1eabn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang (H\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed \u1edf ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1edf d\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mao m\u1ea1ch phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m cho lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed \u1edf ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c m\u0169i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c\u00a0h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i l\u1edbn, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ph\u00eda trong c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft ra ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng v\u00e0o trong c\u00e0ng h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac n\u00ean b\u1ee5i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f4ng rung (h\u00ecnh 2), ch\u00fang lay \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ra ngo\u00e0i.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7t c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng s\u1ee5n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed lu\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf\u00a0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. \u1ede c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n (c\u01a1 reissessen), c\u00e1c c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 co gi\u00e3n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u1ea3m l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n c\u01a1, th\u1ea7n kinh ph\u00f3 giao c\u1ea3m l\u00e0m co c\u01a1. Khi l\u1edbp c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n n\u00e0y co th\u1eaft s\u1ebd g\u00e2y c\u01a1n kh\u00f3 th\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 300 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf nang. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kho\u1ea3ng 70m2\u00a0&#8211; 90m2\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 mao m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Xung quanh c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u bao quanh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf nang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. M\u00e0ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, trung b\u00ecnh 0,5 (m, n\u01a1i m\u1ecfng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0,2 (m (H\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00e0ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u00f3 6 l\u1edbp:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u1edbp d\u1ecbch l\u00f3t ph\u1ebf nang ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7n (Surfactan) l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>Bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ebf nang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 d\u1eb9t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e0ng n\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng k\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 mao m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e0ng n\u1ec1n mao m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u00e0 l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u00e0ng n\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1edbp n\u1ed9i m\u1ea1c mao m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed : di\u1ec7n trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 phong ph\u00fa , m\u00e0ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u ch\u1ee9a trong h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng 60 &#8211; 140 ml, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh mao m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 5(m, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u \u0111i qua ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u qu\u1eb9t s\u00e1t v\u00e0o m\u00e0ng mao m\u1ea1ch, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh: C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng ph\u1ebf nang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7n (Surfactant) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i do c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ebf nang t\u00fdp II b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm 10% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ph\u1ebf nang, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 surfactant, c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ebf nang, gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang gi\u00e3n ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong l\u00fac h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t surfactant, s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang kh\u00f3 gi\u00e3n ra m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>Gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1eb9p v\u00e0 v\u1ee1 ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t surfactant gi\u1ea3m \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh \u0111\u1ebb non, ph\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 surfactant, c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eb9p, v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch g\u00e2y ra suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p n\u1eb7ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 300 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf nang v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ph\u1ebf nang x\u1ea5p x\u0129\u00a0 0,3 mm, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ee9c c\u0103ng m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c co x\u1eb9p c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n<p>D\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt\u00a0Laplace: \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong ph\u1ebf nang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt r\u1ed7ng chung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:\u00a0\u00a0 P\u00a0 =\u00a0 2T \/ r , trong \u0111\u00f3 T l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u00a0 l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh ph\u1ebf nang. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ebf nang c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf x\u1eb9p ph\u1ebf nang c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ebd b\u01a1m kh\u00ed sang ph\u1ebf nang to khi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e0ng to th\u00eam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00ec t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1edd 3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e1ch x\u01a1 gi\u1eef khung ph\u1ebf nang kh\u1ecfi x\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi ph\u1ebf nang co nh\u1ecf th\u00ec l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t di\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ebf nang n\u1edf ra.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ebf nang, \u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung v\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u1eb9p gi\u1eef nhau.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i \u1ed1ng ph\u1ebf nang, k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch x\u01a1, c\u00f3 l\u00e1 x\u01a1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nhu m\u00f4, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u01a1 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i g\u1ed3m hai l\u00e1 : l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh d\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Hai l\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh nhau m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nhau t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khoang \u1ea3o k\u00edn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, trong khoang ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u1ecbch nh\u1eddn gi\u00fap 2 l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m (n\u1ebfu qui \u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng 0).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdc kim ti\u00eam qua c\u01a1 li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn \u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u1ef1c, m\u0169i kim n\u1eb1m \u1edf khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, \u0111u\u00f4i kim n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00e1p k\u1ebf, \u00e1p k\u1ebf s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00fac ng\u1eebng th\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u00e2m h\u01a1n khi h\u00edt v\u00e0o<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i do c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i n\u00ean lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng co l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c, l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb k\u00e9o t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u1ec3 t\u00edch khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoang k\u00edn, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd, trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh k\u00edn, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, khi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd\u00a0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n (h\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m c\u1ee7a khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c khi th\u1edf, n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chu k\u1ef3 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, khi ph\u1ed5i c\u00e0ng n\u1edf \u1edf th\u00ec h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u00ec l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn n\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng \u00e2m v\u00e0 khi ph\u1ed5i x\u1eb9p b\u1edbt \u1edf th\u00ec th\u1edf ra th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u1edbt \u00e2m h\u01a1n :<\/p>\n<p>H\u00edt v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng : &#8211; 6 mm Hg ; &#8211; Th\u1edf ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng :\u00a0 &#8211; 2,5 mm Hg<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n : h\u00edt v\u00e0o h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &#8211; 30 mmHg v\u00e0 th\u1edf ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u00e0 &#8211; 0,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 0 mmHg, x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00dd ngh\u0129a sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m, l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i k\u00edn, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m l\u00e0m l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd co gi\u00e3n theo c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m m\u1ea5t \u0111i, ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng co gi\u00e3n theo l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c n\u1eefa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c h\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111i qua v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, do t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd x\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. Khi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111i ra \u0111i v\u00e0o khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ed5i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng co gi\u00e3n theo \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e0m b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1edd \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m n\u00e0y n\u00ean trong l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01a1i theo t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tim r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho tim ph\u1ea3i b\u01a1m m\u00e1u l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u00fac h\u00edt v\u00e0o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng \u00e2m h\u01a1n, m\u00e1u l\u00ean ph\u1ed5i c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n \u00e1p O2\u00a0trong ph\u1ed5i c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf nang hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u00e0u O2\u00a0\u00edt CO2\u00a0t\u1eeb kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ngh\u00e8o O2\u00a0 nhi\u1ec1u CO2\u00a0 t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf nang ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p<\/p>\n<p>Q\u00faa tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ed5i co gi\u00e3n, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf nang ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00edt v\u00e0o<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u00edt v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o ph\u1ebf nang. Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00edt v\u00e0o co l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo c\u1ea3 3 chi\u1ec1u:<\/p>\n<p><em>T\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean do c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh co l\u1ea1i. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1edf ra, c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean cao do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng trong \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng. Khi c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh co l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c. C\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng, kho\u1ea3ng 250 cm2, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 1 cm l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 250 ml. Khi c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh co h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng 7 &#8211; 8 cm l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ebfn 2 l\u00edt. Do v\u1eady, c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh l\u00e0 1 c\u01a1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n<p><em>T\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ngang:<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hai chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u0103ng l\u00ean do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00edt v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn ngo\u00e0i co l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede t\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1edf ra, c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u1eb1m ch\u1ebfch xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 n\u00e0y co l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn sang t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng ra hai b\u00ean l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u ngang, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9c c\u0169ng d\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00f4 ra ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo c\u1ea3 3 chi\u1ec1u, l\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00e9o t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi l\u00e1 t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng -6 mm Hg, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u00e9o ph\u1ed5i gi\u00e3n ra theo l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c. Ph\u1ed5i gi\u00e3n ra, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u00fat tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00edt v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ch\u1eebng g\u1ea7n n\u1eeda l\u00edt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00edt v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, th\u00eam s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 \u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2n ch\u1ee7m n\u00e2ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9c, c\u01a1 serratie tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec1u x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 c\u01a1 scalen n\u00e2ng hai x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y huy \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed h\u01a1n 1 l\u00edt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00edt v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh: C\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1edf ra<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u1eebng h\u00edt v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00edt v\u00e0o s\u1ebd gi\u00e3n ra, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng \u1ed5 b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean cao l\u00e0m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m theo c\u1ea3 ba chi\u1ec1u. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Khi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng -2,5 mm Hg, do l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd co l\u1ea1i, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang t\u0103ng l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1eeb ph\u1ebf nang ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1edf ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng -2,5 mm Hg. \u1ede b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hen ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1edf ra r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1edf ra g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i t\u0103ng l\u00ean cao th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t khoang m\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5i cao nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c g\u00e2y ra t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng g\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy th\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1edf ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 li\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn g\u00e2y h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1eb3ng b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ea1ng b\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef th\u1edf ra (H\u00ecnh 5).<\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang<\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft<\/p>\n<p>Khi ta h\u00edt m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u00e1u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i. Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft.\u00a0 C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft :<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 150 ml.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft sinh l\u00fd<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed nh\u01b0: b\u1ecb x\u01a1 h\u00f3a, thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc mao m\u1ea1ch quanh ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ede ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft sinh l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb hen ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u1ee7ng, x\u01a1 h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c thuy\u00ean t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ph\u1ed5i th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft sinh l\u00fd l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang<\/p>\n<p>Do c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ebf nang trong 1 ph\u00fat, b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb \u0111i kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu khi th\u1edf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 500 ml th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1edf l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>500 ml &#8211; 150 ml =\u00a0 350 ml.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang trong 1 ph\u00fat l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>350 ml x 12 (t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1edf \/ph\u00fat)\u00a0 =\u00a0 4200 ml\/ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, trong 1 ph\u00fat th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed to\u00e0n ph\u1ed5i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p>500 ml x 12\u00a0 = 6000 ml\/ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang oxygen \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0 O2\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0 CO2\u00a0trong ph\u1ebf nang v\u00e0 m\u00e1u. Cho n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ecb\u00ean b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 v\u00e1ch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ki\u1ec3u th\u1edf c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang, th\u1edf nhanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang k\u00e9m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1edf ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 s\u00e2u cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"484\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">Th\u1edf nhanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">Th\u1edf ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 s\u00e2u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">Nh\u1ecbp th\u1edf<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">20 l\u1ea7n\/ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">10 l\u1ea7n\/ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">Kh\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">300 ml<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">600 ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ed5i\/ph\u00fat<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">6000 ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf nang<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">(300 &#8211; 150) x 20 = 3000 ml<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"197\">(600 &#8211; 150) x 10 = 4500 ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, dung t\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edf<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y \u0111o th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ebf dung k\u1ebf, qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o theo nh\u1ecbp h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ed5i t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 dung t\u00edch t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 4 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 4 dung t\u00edch th\u1edf (H\u00ecnh):<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh: C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 dung t\u00edch t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng (<\/strong><strong>TV: Tidal volume):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n h\u00edt v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c th\u1edf ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 500 ml, nam cao h\u01a1n n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 350 ml. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef h\u00edt v\u00e0o (<\/strong><strong>IRV:Inspiratory reserved volume):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u00eam n\u1eefa sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00edt v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 2000 &#8211; 3000 ml.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef th\u1edf ra (<\/strong><strong>ERV: Expiratory reserved volume):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1edf ra th\u00eam n\u1eefa sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edf ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 800 &#8211; 1200 ml.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1eb7n (<\/strong><strong>RV: Residual volume):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ed5i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edf ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1edf ra h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 1000 &#8211; 1200 ml.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1eb7n c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng (<\/strong><strong>VC:Vital\u00a0 capacity):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dung t\u00edch h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p khi n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a hai hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p>VC l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u0111a huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n th\u1edf,\u00a0 g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a 3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>VC = IRV + TV + ERV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\u00a0 (<\/strong><strong>FRC: Functional residual capacity):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u00edt kh\u00ed c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ed5i cu\u1ed1i th\u00ec th\u1edf ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec9 th\u1edf, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a 2 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>FRC = ERV + RV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn trong s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed, ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y s\u1ebd pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ta m\u1edbi h\u00edt v\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed n\u00e0y m\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi m\u00e1u. Dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 O2\u00a0th\u1ea5p, CO2\u00a0\u00a0cao. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 O2\u00a0th\u1ea5p CO2\u00a0cao, c\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 2500 &#8211; 3000 ml, cao \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n hen ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u0169ng&#8230; Dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1edf s\u00e2u, khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a dung t\u00edch c\u1eb7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1eb7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c (lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp), th\u1edf s\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dung t\u00edch to\u00e0n ph\u1ed5i (<\/strong><strong>TLC : Total Lung capacity):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u00edt kh\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00f3 trong ph\u1ed5i, g\u1ed3m t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch:<\/p>\n<p><strong>TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV<\/strong>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c<\/p>\n<p><strong>TLC =\u00a0VC +\u00a0RV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 5 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dung t\u00edch h\u00edt v\u00e0o (\u00a0<\/strong><strong>IC: Inspiratory capacity):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u00edt kh\u00ed h\u00edt v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngh\u1ec9 th\u1edf th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n<\/p>\n<p><strong>IC = TV + IRV<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1edf ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y Spirometer. Dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1eb7n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1edf ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y Spirometer.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/p>\n<p>Dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng th\u1edf m\u1ea1nh (FVC : Forced Vital\u00a0 capacity)\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1edf ra m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb th\u1edf ra m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n (H\u00ecnh 7).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u1edf ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (<\/strong><strong>FEV1: Forced expiratory\u00a0 volume):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>L\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u00edt t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u1edf ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p quan tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ec7nh hen ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 FEV1, ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng 80% dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>FEV1 gi\u1ea3m trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn nh\u01b0: hen ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, kh\u1ed1i u b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed. Ngo\u00e0i ra, FEV1 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh: x\u01a1 h\u00f3a ph\u1ed5i, gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf nang .<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng (VC) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch th\u1edf ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a trong gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (FEV1) qua ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 Tiffeneau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tiffeneau = FEV<sub>1\u00a0<\/sub>\/ VC x 100%<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edf ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edf ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a dung t\u00edch s\u1ed1ng : FEV 0.2-1,2 (th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u00edt d\u00f9ng); FEV 25-75% l\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 25% \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 75% c\u1ee7a VC \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edf ra, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u khi c\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean c\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec9nh PEF (Peak expiratory flow) : l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c th\u00ec cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra m\u1ea1nh, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,5 l\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a FVC, th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 MEF (Maximal expiratory flow) \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 75%, 50% v\u00e0 25% c\u1ee7a FVC k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 MEF75, MEF50 v\u00e0 MEF25<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi tr\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eaft ngh\u1ebdn, t\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee1 ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: m\u0169i, h\u1ecdng, thanh qu\u1ea3n, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111i v\u00e0o hai l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng L\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c L\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6110,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[113],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6109"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6109"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6109\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6171,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6109\/revisions\/6171"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}