{"id":6356,"date":"2014-10-19T05:15:47","date_gmt":"2014-10-18T22:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=6356"},"modified":"2014-10-19T05:15:47","modified_gmt":"2014-10-18T22:15:47","slug":"diem-chung-cac-he-tu-tuong-ton-giao-va-triet-phai-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/?p=6356","title":{"rendered":"\u0110I\u1ec2M CHUNG C\u00c1C H\u1ec6 T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG, T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 TRI\u1ebeT PH\u00c1I \u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i duy v\u1eadt Carvaka, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t chung kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t chung \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/span><\/h3>\n

N\u00e9t chung th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p (Karma)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00f9y theo thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 hay vui trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/em>, m\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u d\u00e2n gian nh\u01b0 \u201cGieo gi\u00f3 g\u1eb7t b\u00e3o; \u1ede hi\u1ec1n g\u1eb7p l\u00e0nh; \u0110\u1eddi cha \u0103n m\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1eddi con kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d<\/em> v.v\u2026 \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Rta<\/em> \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ch Veda<\/em> tr\u00f4ng nom lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Varuna.<\/em><\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o. V\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi hay l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c \u00e1c hay c\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o<\/em>. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o trong \u0111\u1eddi sau, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sanh b\u00e1o<\/em>. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eddi sau n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eadu b\u00e1o<\/em>.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n hay c\u1ef1c \u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 do \u1edf \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ef1c \u00e1c hay l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n. Hay l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Du trong Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u<\/em>: \u201cThi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u1edf t\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng ta\/<\/em> Ch\u1eef t\u00e2m kia m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ba ch\u1eef t\u00e0i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd ung dung h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh do nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat d\u01b0 t\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt, qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, qu\u1ea3 B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Jain tin r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 karma<\/em>, lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb n\u00e0y bao quanh linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00ean c\u0169ng thu h\u00fat lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1o, t\u1eebng t\u1eebng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp bao b\u1ecdc linh h\u1ed3n cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb karmasarira<\/em>, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n karma.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Jain l\u00e0 tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ec3 linh h\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00fat th\u00eam karma n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t karma hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Khi karma hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 karma m\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra n\u1eefa, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, si\u00eau th\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi cao nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ea1 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Jain n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tr\u1eafng, \u0111en v.v\u2026 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t karma bao b\u1ecdc linh h\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Thuy\u1ebft karma, h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, hao hao gi\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, cho r\u1eb1ng, bao b\u1ecdc c\u00e1i th\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ef1 (Xem cu\u1ed1n Gesture of balance<\/em> c\u1ee7a Tulku Tarthang, trang 56).<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft Mukti t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p (karma), m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nhau \u1edf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u1edf \u0111i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i Ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c th\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd-Tr\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh d\u1ee5 hoa sen trong l\u00f2 l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eady. Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Ng\u1ed9 \u1ea4n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: \u201cNg\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n s\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng nhu\u1eadn\/ Li\u00ean ph\u00e1t l\u00f4 trung th\u1ea5p v\u1ecb c\u00e0n.\u201d<\/em> (Ng\u1ecdc \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u00ean n\u00fai, m\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/em> Hoa sen n\u1edf trong l\u00f2 l\u1eeda m\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u1eabn d\u1ecbu m\u00e1t<\/em>\u2026).<\/p>\n

Hay l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o Hu\u1ec7: \u201cS\u1eafc th\u00e2n d\u1eef di\u1ec7u th\u1ec3\/<\/em> B\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n ly\/<\/em> Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\/<\/em> L\u00f4 trung hoa nh\u1ea5t chi.\u201d<\/em> (S\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m vi di\u1ec7u)\/ Kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi\/<\/em> N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t\/<\/em> Th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hoa sen trong l\u00f2 l\u1eeda v\u1eady).<\/em><\/p>\n

R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd-Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3a h\u1ed3ng l\u00f4 h\u1ecfa l\u00fd li\u00ean<\/em>\u201d (M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa sen trong l\u00f2 l\u1eeda h\u1ed3ng) c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 Trung Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng S\u0129 \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m sinh di\u1ec7t, hay n\u1ed5i c\u01a1n tham, s\u00e2n, si kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m g\u00ec b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1n tham, s\u00e2n, si c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 purasa, jiva hay atman. C\u00f2n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng linh h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng mang m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m hay thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o h\u1ebft. Tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i Samkhya (S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1i) th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (pure consciousness), c\u00f2n tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i Vedanta th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (ananda) v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt khi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, t\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n thi\u1ec7n hay chuy\u1ec3n \u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta, theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, c\u1ea7n gia c\u00f4ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3 (Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, trong Kh\u00f3a h\u01b0 l\u1ee5c<\/em> d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m), \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 trong kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/em>, ph\u1ea9m T\u00e2m vi\u1ebft:\u201cL\u00e0nh thay \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c t\u00e2m\/ T\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn.\u201d <\/em>(K\u1ec7 35); \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 t\u00e2m\/ T\u00e2m h\u1ed9 an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn.\u201d <\/em>(K\u1ec7 36).<\/p>\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/em> c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 chuy\u1ec7n t\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ta c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ta h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cha m\u1eb9, b\u00e0 con mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho ta:\u201cK\u1ebb th\u00f9 h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9\/<\/em> Oan gia h\u1ea1i oan gia<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0\/ G\u00e2y \u00e1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.\u201d<\/em>(K\u1ec7 42) v\u00e0: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u1eb9 cha, b\u00e0 con\/ Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\/<\/em> T\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\/<\/em> L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/em> (K\u1ec7 43).<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai sau khi Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt kh\u00e1c nhau. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 hai tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i Samkhya v\u00e0 Yoga c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u00e0 vui, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u vui \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn n\u00f3 cho n\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, m\u1ea5t n\u00f3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 tr\u00ed t\u00ecm t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Tuy nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh chung l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi quan, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed1n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi gi\u00f3 b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i duy v\u1eadt Carvaka, \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0: s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau l\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i Vasnava (li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n Visnu), th\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn bhakti m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sanh t\u1eed, t\u00ecm ra cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Upanishad<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Upanishad<\/em>, c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u0129nh c\u1eedu v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ta g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y. Kinh Ph\u1eadt d\u1eabn l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng: \u201cS\u1eafc th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ta, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ta. Th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ta hay c\u1ee7a Ta..<\/em>.\u201d Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Upanishad<\/em> l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu? Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. V\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 sinh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c theo nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u00f4 minh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

– \u0110au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111au kh\u1ed5 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

– Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

– Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ee9c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

– Hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

– Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

– Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

– C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hay l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Atman? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, trong khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1i ta b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/em>, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: \u201cCh\u01b0<\/em> \u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u00e1c\/ Ch\u00fang thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh\/<\/em> T\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u00fd\/ Th\u1ecb ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n.\u201d<\/em> (Tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c\/<\/em> L\u00e0m m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh\/ T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m trong s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m \u00fd m\u00ecnh\/<\/em> L\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong kinh Udana,<\/em> 80 t\u1ee9c T\u1eadp Kinh<\/em>, Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i v\u0129nh c\u1eedu th\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sanh, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, h\u1eefu vi. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m ra, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, b\u1ecb l\u00e0m h\u1eefu vi<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1i sanh di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, \u1edf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v.v\u2026 V\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u1ee7a sanh di\u1ec7t, Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh, hay l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1edbi si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i duy v\u1eadt Carvaka.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n gi\u00e1o Vedanta cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7ng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n s\u1eafc th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ta hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean l\u1eddi. V\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i Vedanta n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ta l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt sau khi ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eefa h\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Suy t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111ong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o Hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eddi L\u00fd vi\u1ebft:\u201c\u0110\u1ecba th\u1ee7y h\u1ecfa phong th\u1ee9c\/<\/em> Nguy\u00ean lai nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng\/ Nh\u01b0 v\u00e2n ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5 t\u00e1n\/ Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadt chi\u1ebfu v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u2026\u201d<\/em> (\u0110\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong, th\u1ee9c\/<\/em> Nguy\u00ean lai v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7ng\/<\/em> C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y l\u00fac t\u1ee5 l\u00fac tan\/<\/em> M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf).<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7ng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Ta ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

B\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n, qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o. \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00fap l\u00e0m cho \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch Puranas<\/em> t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n th\u1ee9 9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Vishnu. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 T\u0103ng s\u0129 c\u00f9ng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o xem v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea5t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u00ecn h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i\u2026. H\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean, trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tu v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ai th\u1ef1c thi thay th\u1ebf cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y: \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p\u201d, th\u1ebf th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00fang theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ngay gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

TH\u00cdCH PH\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u1ea0T<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i duy v\u1eadt Carvaka, th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft ph\u00e1i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u mang nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t chung kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6357,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[111,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6356"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6358,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6356\/revisions\/6358"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yogavocuc.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}